Prove that the sum of the squares of the diagonals of parallelogram is equal to the sum of the squares of its sides.
Prove that the sum of the squares of the diagonals of parallelogram is equal to the sum of the squares of its sides.
Let us consider, ABCD be a parallelogram. Now, draw perpendicular DE on extended side of AB, and draw a perpendicular AF meeting DC at point F.
By applying Pythagoras Theorem in ∆DEA, we get,
DE2 + EA2 = DA2 ……………….… (i)
By applying Pythagoras Theorem in ∆DEB, we get,
DE2 + EB2 = DB2
DE2 + (EA + AB)2 = DB2
(DE2 + EA2) + AB2 + 2EA × AB = DB2
DA2 + AB2 + 2EA × AB = DB2 ……………. (ii)
By applying Pythagoras Theorem in ∆ADF, we get,
AD2 = AF2 + FD2
Again, applying Pythagoras theorem in ∆AFC, we get,
AC2 = AF2 + FC2 = AF2 + (DC − FD)2
= AF2 + DC2 + FD2 − 2DC × FD
= (AF2 + FD2) + DC2 − 2DC × FD. AC2
AC2= AD2 + DC2 − 2DC × FD ………………… (iii)
Since ABCD is a parallelogram,
AB = CD ………………….…(iv)
And BC = AD ………………. (v)
In ∆DEA and ∆ADF,
∠DEA = ∠AFD (Each 90°)
∠EAD = ∠ADF (EA || DF)
AD = AD (Common Angles)
∴ ∆EAD ≅ ∆FDA (AAS congruence criterion)
⇒ EA = DF ……………… (vi)
Adding equations (i) and (iii), we get,
DA2 + AB2 + 2EA × AB + AD2 + DC2 − 2DC × FD = DB2 + AC2
DA2 + AB2 + AD2 + DC2 + 2EA × AB − 2DC × FD = DB2 + AC2
From equation (iv) and (vi),
BC2 + AB2 + AD2 + DC2 + 2EA × AB − 2AB × EA = DB2 + AC2
AB2 + BC2 + CD2 + DA2 = AC2 + BD2
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