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How are the alveoli designed to maximise the exchange of gases?

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How are the alveoli designed to maximise the exchange of gases?

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Within a human lung about 300 million alveoli of various sizes are present which provide total alveolar surface of 75 to 80 square metres. The walls of the alveoli are thin to a single layer of epithelium. Moreover, they are closely wrapped in an extensive network of blood vessels called capillaries.

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