Taking examples under each category, discuss upstream and downstream processing.
Taking examples under each category, discuss upstream and downstream processing.
Upstream processing: Biotechnological processes can be separated into upstream processes and downstream processes. The upstream process is defined as the entire process from DNA isolation and culture expansion of the cells until final product.
Downstream processing: After completion of the biosynthetic stage, the product has to be subjected through a series of processes before it Is ready for marketing as a finished product. The processes include separation and purification, which are collectively referred to as downstream processing. The product has to be formulated with suitable preservatives. Such formulation has to undergo through clinical trials as in case of drugs. Strict quality control testing for each product is also required. The downstream processing and quality control testing vary from product to product.
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Name the five key tools for accomplishing the tasks of recombinant DNA technology. Also, mention the functions of each tool.
3 years ago
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What is meant by the term bio-pesticide? Name and explain the mode of action of a popular bio-pesticide.
3 years ago
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List the advantages of recombinant insulin.
3 years ago
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List the disadvantages of insulin obtained from the pancreas of slaughtered cows and pigs.
3 years ago
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Explain with the help of one example how genetically modified plants can: (a) Reduce usage of chemical pesticides (b) Enhance nutritional value of food crops
3 years ago
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