(i) A lot of 20 bulbs contain 4 defective ones. One bulb is drawn at random from the lot. What is the probability that this bulb is defective?
(ii) Suppose the bulb drawn in (i) is not defective and is not replaced. Now one bulb is drawn at random from the rest. What is the probability that this bulb is not defective?
(i) Numbers of defective bulbs = 4
The total numbers of bulbs = 20
P(E) = (Number of favourable outcomes/ Total number of outcomes)
∴ Probability of getting a defective bulb = P (defective bulb) = 4/20
= 1/5 = 0.2
(ii) Since 1 non-defective bulb is drawn, then the total numbers of bulbs left are 19
Total numbers of events (or outcomes) = 19
Numbers of defective bulbs = 19 - 4 = 15
Probability that the bulb is not defective = 15/19 = 0.789