Based on your understanding of genetic code, explain the formation of any abnormal hemoglobin molecule. What are the known consequences of such a change?
The defect is caused by the substitution (trans version) of Glutamic acid (Glu) by Valine (Val) at the sixth position of the betaglobin chain of the haemoglobin molecule. The substitution of amino acid in the glob in protein results due to the single base substitution at the sixth codon of the betaglobin gene from GAG to GUG. The mutant haemoglobin molecule undergoes polymerisation under low oxygen tension causing the change in the shape of the RBC from biconcave disc to elongated sickle like structure.
Sickle-shaped red blood cells that obstruct capillaries and restrict blood flow to an organ resulting in ischaemia, pain, necrosis, and often organ damage.