(a) Giving one example each, state what are (i) ionic compounds, and (ii) covalent compounds.
(b) Compare the properties of ionic compounds and covalent compounds.
(a) (i) The compounds containing ionic bonds are known as ionic compounds. They are formed by the transfer of electrons from one atom to another.
Example: Sodium chloride, NaCl.
(ii) The compounds containing covalent bonds are known as covalent compounds. They are formed by the sharing of electrons between atoms.
Example: Methane, CH4.
(b) Ionic compounds
(i) Ionic compounds are usually crystalline solids.
(ii) Ionic compounds have high melting and boiling points.
(iii) Ionic compounds are usually soluble in water.
Covalent compounds
(i) Covalent compounds are usually liquids or gases.
(ii) Covalent compounds have low melting and boiling points.
(iii) Covalent compounds are usually insoluble in water.