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How is leaching carried out in case of low grade copper ores?

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How is leaching carried out in case of low grade copper ores?

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In case of low grade copper ores, leaching is carried out using acid or bacteria in the presence of air. In this process, copper goes into the solution as Cu2+ ions.

Cu(s) + 2H+(aq) + 1/2O2(g) → Cu2+ + 2H2O(l)

The resulting solution is treated with scrap iron or H2 to get metallic copper.

Cu2+ + H2 → Cu + 2H+

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