Topography, favourable climate, the fertility of soils, availability of freshwater, minerals are major geographical factors affecting the population density of a region.

People prefer to live on plains more than mountains or plateaus and they live more in moderate climates than extreme hot or cold. From the agricultural point of view, fertile lands are preferred. Areas with mineral deposits are more populated. Some social factors that boost the density of the population in a region are better housing, education, and health facilities. Places with cultural or historical significance are usually populated. Employment opportunities are another attraction for large chunks of the population.