Methods of Contraception

(i) Barrier Methods: Physical devices which prevent the entry of sperms into the female reproductive tract come under barrier methods. Condoms, diaphragms and cervical caps can be used as barrier method.

(ii) Chemical Methods: In these methods, specific drugs are used by the females to avoid pregnancy. These drugs change the hormonal balance of the body so that eggs are not released and fertilisation does not occur. These drugs are taken orally as pills, and therefore, called Oral Contraceptives (OCs).

(iii) IUCDs (Intra Uterine Contraceptive Devices): Lippe’s loop or copper-T are contraceptive devices which are placed inside the uterus to prevent implantation of the embryo.

(iv) Surgical Methods: Vasectomy in males and tubectomy in females are surgical methods of population control.

• In males, a small portion of the vas deferens is surgically removed and then cut-ends are tied to prevent the transfer of sperm. This is called vasectomy.
• In females, a small portion of the fallopian tube is surgically removed and the cut-ends are tied to prevent the passage of egg in the uterus. This is called tubectomy.