(a) According to the law of conservation of momentum:

When two (or more) bodies act upon one another, their total momentum remains constant (or conserved) provided no external forces are acting. It means that when one body gains momentum, then some other body loses an equal amount of momentum i.e. momentum is neither created nor destroyed.

(b) (i) Rocket taking off from the ground

The chemicals inside the rocket burn and produce very high velocity blast of hot gases. These gases pass out through the tail nozzle of the rocket in the downward direction with tremendous speed and the rocket moves up to balance the momentum of the gases. The gases have a very high velocity and hence a very large momentum. An equal momentum is imparted to the rocket in the opposite direction, so that it goes up with a high velocity.

(ii) Flying of jet aeroplane

In jet aeroplanes, a large volume of gases produced by the combustion of fuel is allowed to escape through a jet in backward direction. Due to high velocity, the backward rushing gases have a large momentum. They impart an equal and opposite momentum to the jet aeroplane due to which it moves forward with a great speed.