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Population ecology is an important area of ecology, because it links ecology with population genetics and evolution; natural selection operates at the...

Allen’s rule refers to the reduction of heat loss in animals by having shorter ears and limbs.

(i) Leaves are reduced to spines to check transpiration. (ii) Spines keep away the browsing animals.

Adaptation is defined as any morphological, physiological or behavioural attribute of an organism that enables it to survive and reproduce in its habi...

In seed-bearing plants, the seeds and other vegetative reproductive structures serve to tide over the unfavourable conditions; they germinate to form ...

Zooplankton. It is to tide over the temporary unfavourable conditions in the habitat.

When the snails are not able to migrate from the stressful conditions in the habitat, they undergo aestivation during hot summers to avoid stress by e...

If the unfavourable (stressful) conditions are for a short duration and if the animals are not able to migrate, they hibernate during extreme winter t...

Snails and fish go into aestivation in summer.

Bears go into hibernation in winter.

Keolado National Park, Bharatpur.

Migration refers to the movement of animals from the stressful habitat to a more hospitable area and return to the original place once the stressful p...

Osmoconformers are those organisms which regulate the osmolarity of their body fluids according to their surrounding medium.

Partial regulators are those species which have the ability to regulate, but only over a limited range of environmental conditions, beyond which they ...

Thermoregulation is an energy-expensive phenomenon; considering the cost and benefit, many animals have not evolved thermoregulation.

Their ability to maintain a constant body temperature irrespective of the environmental temperature.

Homeostasis enhances the overall fitness of organisms because all biochemical reactions and physiological functions proceed with maximal efficiency.

Green algae or plants are not found beyond a certain depth, as light (not all colour components of visible spectrum) is not available.

Green algae or plants are not found beyond a certain depth, as light (not all colour components of visible spectrum) is not available.

Green algae or plants are not found beyond a certain depth, as light (not all colour components of visible spectrum) is not available.