(a) Commensalism is an interspecific interaction between individuals of two species where one species is benefitted and the other is not affected.

e. g., Orchid and mango tree.

(b) Parasitism is an interspecific interaction between individuals of two species where generally small species is benefitted and the large species are affected, e.g. Malarial parasite and human beings.

(c) Camouflage: It is the ability of the animals to blend with the surroundings or background. In this way, animals remain unnoticed for protection or aggression. An example is a stick insect.

(d) Mutualism is an interspecific interaction between individuals of two species where both the interacting species are benefitted in an obligatory way. e.g. Pollination in plants by animals.

e. Interspecific competition: It is an interaction between individuals of two species where both the interacting species are affected, e.g. Monarch butterfly and Queen monarch.