Which of the following match is correct?
(a) Emphysema: reduction of surface area of alveoli and bronchi
(b) Pneumonia: occupational disease with asbestos
(c) Silicosis: inflammation of alveoli
(d) Asthma: excessive secretion of bronchial mucus
(a) Emphysema: reduction of surface area of alveoli and bronchi
Explanation:
Cigarette smoking leads to the disease emphysema. In this disease, terminal bronchioles get obstructed. This reduces the ventilation of the alveoli connected to them. Many alveoli coalesce together to form large chambers due to destruction of their walls. This change of smaller alveoli to large chambers reducing the area of alveolar surface across which gases are exchanged. All these changes reduce both oxygen uptake and carbon dioxide elimination.