Evolution is the sequence of gradual changes that takes place in the primitive organisms over millions of year in which new species are produced. Darwin’s theory of evolution is known as ‘The Theory of Natural Selection’.

It can be described as follows:

(i) Within any population there is natural variation. Some individuals have more favourable variations than others.

(ii) Even though all species produce a large number of offspring’s, populations remain fairly constant naturally.

(iii) This is due to the struggle between members of the same species and different species for food, space and mate.

(iv) The struggle for survival within populations eliminates the unfit individuals. The fit individuals possessing favourable variations survive and reproduce. This is called natural selection.

(v) The individuals having favourable variations pass on these variations to their progeny from generation to generation.

(vi) These variations when accumulated over a long period of time, lead to the origin of a new species.