(a) What happens when dilute hydrochloric acid is added to sodium carbonate? Write a balanced chemical equation of the reaction involved.
(b) Which gas is liberated when dilute hydrochloric acid reacts with sodium carbonate? How will you test for the presence of this gas?
(a) When dilute hydrochloric acid reacts with sodium carbonate, then sodium chloride, carbon dioxide and water are formed.
Na2CO3(s) + 2HCl(aq) → 2NaCl(aq) + CO2(g) + H2O(l)
(b) CO2 gas is liberated during the reaction.
When carbon dioxide gas formed in the form of brisk effervescence is passed through lime water, it turns the lime water milky. If excess of carbon dioxide gas is passed through the milky lime water, the solution becomes clear again. This confirms the presence of carbon dioxide gas.